Mian Mumtaz Daulatana ( Punjabi, ur, ), (20 February 1916 – 30 January 1995) was a Pakistani

politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...

and a key supporter of

Pakistan Movement The Pakistan Movement ( ur, , translit=Teḥrīk-e-Pākistān) was a political movement in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India. It was connected to the pe ...

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...

. After independence, he served as the second Chief Minister of West Punjab in

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

Early life

Daultana was born in

Luddan Luddan ( ur, ), is a town located on the bank of the Sutlej in Vehari District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is about {{Convert, 27, km, abbr=on away from the city of Vehari and 24 km away from Hasilpur. Luddan is a rich agricultural area, with ...

in 1916, the son of Nawab Ahmad Yar Khan Daultana, a wealthy Punjabi landowner.Feisal Khan, Islamic Banking in Pakistan: Shariah-Compliant Finance and the Quest to make Pakistan more Islamic, Routledge, 22 Dec 2015 He belonged to the

Daultana Daultana ( ur, ), is a clan of Johiya tribe settled in Punjab, Pakistan. The members of this tribe are landowners, farmers, politicians, businessmen, government officers. Notable people * Mian Mumtaz Daultana ( ur, ), Chief Minister of Punja ...

clan of the

Johiya Johiya (also Joiya, Joyia or Joria) is a clan found among the Rajputs of India and Pakistan. Origin The Johiya may be modern-day descendants of the ancient Yaudheya warrior tribe that ruled in some areas of northern India until the period of the ...

tribe.http://vehari.gov.pk/?page_id=137, Information about Vehari District, Punjab, Pakistan and its prominent personalities on vehari.gov.pk website, Retrieved 25 January 2017 His father was a supporter of the Unionist Party in the

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising ...

, whilst his uncle Chaudhry Sir Shahab-ud-Din was the first speaker of the

Provincial Assembly of the Punjab The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistani provinces, Pakistani province of Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab, which is located in Lahore, the provincial capital. It was established under ...

. Daultana studied

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the History of writing#Inventions of writing, invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbr ...

Government College, Lahore The Government College University, Lahore (colloquially known as GCU), is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Opened as Government College, Lahore, in 1864, it became a university in 2002. Overview In 1864, Gov ...

, graduating in 1933. Thereafter he moved to the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and North ...

and completed a

Master of Arts A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Tho ...

Corpus Christi College, Oxford Corpus Christi College (formally, Corpus Christi College in the University of Oxford; informally abbreviated as Corpus or CCC) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1517, it is the 12th ...

. Whilst at the

University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...

he was elected President of the Indian society. He was

called to the Bar The call to the bar is a legal term of art in most common law jurisdictions where persons must be qualified to be allowed to argue in court on behalf of another party and are then said to have been "called to the bar" or to have received "call to ...

Middle Temple The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, commonly known simply as Middle Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as barristers, the others being the Inner Temple, Gray's Inn an ...

in 1939.

Career

Pakistan movement

Daultana joined the

Punjab Muslim League When the All-India Muslim League was founded at Dacca, on 30 December 1906 at the occasion of the annual All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, It was participated by the Muslim leaders from Punjab, i.e., Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi, Mian Fa ...

in 1942 despite being from a leading Unionist family.S.M. Ikram, Indian Muslims and Partition of India, Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 1995, p.279 In 1944 he assisted in drafting the League's manifesto, promising civil liberties, elimination of official interference in elections and a progressive economic policy. He was elected to the

Punjab Legislative Assembly The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India. The Sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly was constituted in March 2022. At present, it consists of 117 members, directl ...

in 1946. Daultana was of the opinion that the unity of

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

could not be preserved and that

Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...

of the Punjab should unite with their co-religionists across India in the demand for

.J. Henry Korson, Contemporary Problems of Pakistan, Brill Archive, 1974, p.19

Chief Minister of West Punjab

Following the creation of Pakistan, the Muslim League assumed control of the new

West Punjab West Punjab ( pnb, ; ur, ) was a province in the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955. The province covered an area of 159,344 km2 (61523 sq mi), including much of the current Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab province and the Islamabad Capital Te ...

province.

Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot Nawab Iftikhar Hussain Khan of Mamdot (31 December 1906 – 16 October 1969) was a Pakistani politician and a key supporter of the Pakistan Movement in British India. After Pakistan's Independence, He served as the 1st Chief Minister of West Pun ...

, as Chief Minister of West Punjab appointed Daultana to his cabinet alongside other scions of leading rural families

Mian Iftikharuddin Mian Iftikharuddin ( Punjabi, ur, میاں افتخارالدیں; 8 April 1907 – 6 June 1962) was a Pakistani politician, activist of the Indian National Congress, who later joined the All-India Muslim League and worked for the cause of Pakis ...

and

Shaukat Hayat Khan Major Shaukat Hayat Khan ( Punjabi, ; 24 September 1915 – 25 September 1998) was an influential politician, military officer, and Pakistan Movement activist who played a major role in the organising of the Muslim League in the British-controlle ...

. Conflicts plagued the cabinet, and Mian Iftikharuddin left to found the

Azad Pakistan Party The Azad Pakistan Party was a leftist Pakistani party founded in November 1949 by Mian Iftikharuddin, an ex-Congressite and a member of the Muslim League who worked for the Pakistan Movement. It was formed in 1949, becoming Pakistan's first oppos ...

and was soon joined by Shaukat Hayat Khan. In 1951, after elections in West Punjab, Daultana was chosen as parliamentary leader of the Muslim League in the Punjab Assembly and invited to form a government.Ali Usman Qasmi, The Ahmadis and the Politics of Religious Exclusion in Pakistan, Anthem Press, 15 Mar 2015, p.74 Daultana's cabinet, which contained just one refugee politician, was characterised as a cabinet of landlords.Roger D. Long, Gurharpal Singh, Yunas Samad, Ian Talbot, State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security, Routledge, 8 Oct 2015, p.27 As Chief Minister he soon banned the Urdu daily newspaper ''Nawa-i-Waqt'' which had been a supporter of Mamdot and introduced agrarian reforms within the Punjab. Daultana regarded these land reforms, which in theory gave tenants full security for tenure as long as they paid their rent and took care of the land, as the most progressive in the world. Critics however labelled them as merely cosmetic, as they made no reference to a ceiling for large estates and only tried to increase tenants' share of produce by ten percent. In reality, the regulations had little effect and landlords instead attempted to divert attention towards the jagirs held by rival politicians who had opposed the Pakistan movement. His government proposed the abolition of all

jagir A jagir ( fa, , translit=Jāgir), also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in the Indian subcontinent at the foundation of its Jagirdar (Zamindar) system. It developed during the Islamic rule era of the Indian subcontinent, start ...

s made in the Punjab since 1857. This proposal met with considerable opposition, and was amended to target certain influential persons who were given grants for unpatriotic and anti-national activities in pre-independence days. Grants of land to religious institutions or to the military personnel were exempted The scope of the Act was further narrowed to include only grants made under the government of Unionist Premier Sir Khizar Hayat Tiwana between 1945-1947.

Lahore Martial Law 1953

During his tenure, anti- Ahmadi sentiment intensified stoked by Islamist groups such as the

Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam Majlis-e Ahrar-e Islam ( ur, مجلس احرارلأسلام), also known in short as Ahrar, is a religious Muslim political party in the Indian subcontinent that was formed during the British Raj (prior to the Partition of India) on 29 Dece ...

and

Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat -e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat ( ur, مجلسِ تحفظِ ختمِ نبوت, translation="The Assembly to Protect the End of Prophethood") is the programmatic name of a Pakistani Barelvi organization and Islamic religious movement in Pakistan ...

.P. R. Kumaraswamy, Ian Copland, South Asia: The Spectre of Terrorism, Routledge, 18 Oct 2013, p.122 In 1951 they issued demands that Ahmadis be declared non-Muslims for legal purposes, that Sir Zafarullah Khan the Ahmadi

Minister of Foreign Affairs A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...

resign and that Ahmadi's be banned from holding political office. During the

1953 Lahore riots The Lahore riots of 1953 were a series of violent riots against the Ahmadiyya Movement, a faith marginalized in Pakistan, mainly in the city of Lahore, Pakistan as well as the rest of Punjab, which were eventually quelled by the Pakistan Army wh ...

despite the protesters demands being rejected by the central government, Daultana lent them his support. However when he was unable to control the rioters, the central government called in the army and imposed

martial law Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civil functions or suspension of civil law by a government, especially in response to an emergency where civil forces are overwhelmed, or in an occupied territory. Use Marti ...

in Lahore. Within days of

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

, Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin's arrival in Lahore, Daultana had resigned.Leonard Binder, Religion and Politics in Pakistan, University of California Press, 1961. p.295 He was succeeded by

Sir Feroz Khan Noon Sir Malik Feroz Khan Noon, ( ur, ملک فیروز خان نون; 7 May 18939 December 1970), best known as Feroze Khan, was a Pakistani politician who served as the seventh prime minister of Pakistan from 1957 until being removed wh ...

Later activities

He was also

Defence Minister of Pakistan The Minister of Defence (Urdu: 'وزیرِ دفاع') heads the Ministry of Defence. The minister serves in the cabinet of the Prime Minister and is required to be a member of Parliament. In the history of the country, the defence portfolio has ...

in the short-lived government of

Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar ( ur, ابراہیم اسماعیل چندریگر; 15 September 1897 – 26 September 1960), best known as I. I. Chundrigar, was a Pakistani politician who served as the sixth prime minister of Pakistan, appointed in ...

in 1957. He served as

High Commissioner to the United Kingdom The following is the list of ambassadors and high commissioners to the United Kingdom, or more formally, to the Court of St James's. High commissioners represent member states of the Commonwealth of Nations and ambassadors represent other sta ...

between 1972 and 1979.

Tehmina Daultana Tehmina Daultana ( Punjabi, ur, ) is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan. Political career Daultana was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan for the first time in 1993 Pakistani general ...

former minister and

Pakistan Muslim League (N) The Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) ( ur, , translit=Pākistān Muslim Līg (Nūn) PML(N) or PML-N) is a Centre-right politics, centre-right and Liberal conservatism, liberal conservative political party in Pakistan. Alongside the Pakistan Teh ...

(PML-N) MNA (Member of National Assembly of Pakistan) is his niece.

References

External links

Government of Punjab, Pakistan

Punjab Assembly Website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Daultana, Mian Mumtaz 1916 births 1995 deaths Chief Ministers of Punjab, Pakistan Defence Ministers of Pakistan High Commissioners of Pakistan to the United Kingdom Punjabi people People from Vehari District Pakistani MNAs 1947–1954

Mumtaz Mumtaz ( ar, ممتاز) is a name commonly used in various countries in the Muslim world, mainly Afghanistan, Brunei, Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Turkey. It can also be used as a female name. ''Mumtazah'' is a related female versio ...

Pakistan Movement activists from Punjab Pakistani landowners Punjab, Pakistan MLAs 1947–1949 Punjab, Pakistan MLAs 1951–1955 Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan